System, method, and computer program product for reducing the burden on scheduling systems by forecasting a demand for medical resources using retrieved billing data

ABSTRACT

The present invention generates a forecast factor indicating an anticipated demand for a medical resource in a medical facility during a selected time period. The invention generates the forecast factor using billing data retrieved from one or more billing data systems wherein the retrieved billing data is from a prior time period that is comparable to the selected time period. The invention may also generate a schedule of the medical resource using the determined forecast factor such that the generated schedule may substantially correspond to the anticipated demand for the medical resource during the selected time period. In addition, the invention may also generate one or more displays of the determined forecast factor to a user and may also receive a user input for selecting and/or modifying the protocol used to determine the forecast factor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the field of medical resourceutilization including, but not limited to the scheduling of medicalstaff and medical facilities. More particularly, embodiments of thepresent invention collect and compile billing data from one or moremedical billing systems and convert the billing data into historicaldemand information for a medical resource so as to generate a forecasteddemand for the medical resource within a medical facility during aselected time period.

2. Description of Related Art

The scheduling of medical personnel, including clinicians, technicians,and other staff, and other medical resources, such as procedure rooms,is becoming increasingly complex as medical facilities grow larger andas multiple medical facilities and campuses become consolidated under asingle administrative and/or ownership entity such as a health carecorporation. However, in conventional health care administrationsystems, the scheduling of specific personnel and medical procedurespace within a medical facility is largely determined by estimationsbased on maximum potential demand for a given resource during a selectedtime period.

For example, in an anesthesiology department having a number ofavailable procedure rooms, a typical weekday may have a peak demand forprocedure rooms and clinicians (which is often determined by a number ofprocedures (i.e. administrations of anesthesia) during a given two-hourspan in the middle of the day. In conventional scheduling methods,scheduling administrators often schedule sufficient medical personnel(including anesthesiologists and certified nurse anesthetists, forexample) and procedure rooms to accommodate the peak number ofconcurrent procedures for an entire shift (i.e. a 10-hour shift from0700-1700), where the peak number of concurrent procedures may beoccurring only during a 2 hour span in the middle of the day.

However, conventional scheduling systems and techniques do not utilizeconcurrent activities information (such as information on a number ofconcurrent medical procedures during a given time period gleaned frombilling data generated in a selected medical facility) that may inform ascheduling administrator of the time period in which peak demand for oneor more medical resources is expected to be experienced.

Furthermore, conventional scheduling systems are not configured todistill concurrent activities information from billing data taken fromone or more medical billing data systems, which may provide billing datathat may be used (if properly manipulated and/or interpreted) to aid inthe prediction of demand patterns for a medical resource within amedical facility during a selected time period. For example, medicalbilling systems often contain detailed information regarding the type ofprocedure performed and the clinicians and/or staff members required toperform a specific procedure. Billing data may also include time stampinformation and/or duration information that may be indicative of thetime required to perform a given procedure and/or the time spent byvarious clinicians and/or staff members to perform a given role in amedical procedure. Billing data tied to particular medical proceduresmay also provide a more realistic historical profile of demand formedical resources (such as medical personnel and/or medical facilityspace) than, for example, the historical usage of medical suppliesand/or other inventory items. This may be especially true for medicalprocedures such as anesthesia administration, which may utilizerelatively few inventoried medical disposables, but may requiresignificant medical resources including, for example, facility space forpatient preparation and patient recovery and clinicians to overseepatient preparation, administration of anesthesia, and patient recovery.

While billing data may provide a large amount of data that is generallyindicative of demand for a given medical resource in a medical facilityduring a selected time period, such billing data is oftennon-standardized across medical facilities and/or across administrativeentities. For example, some billing data may only include a time stampand a procedure code indicative of a specific service performed in amedical procedure. For example, in the billing of a particularadministration of anesthesia, the billing data may indicate the servicecodes including, but not limited to: patient preparation, anesthesiaadministration, surgery and/or medical procedure, and patient recovery.Even if these service codes are accompanied by a time stamp as part of abilling data set, the billing data set may not be immediately useful toa scheduling administrator, because such codes do not immediatelyindicate the types of personnel, the expected duration, and/or the typeof procedure room required for each service. Thus, it may be necessary,in some cases, to interpret and/or convert billing data into alternativedata types that may be predictive of the utilization of particularmedical resources during a selected time period in order to aid ascheduling administrator in meeting a predicted demand during a futurecomparable time period.

Thus limitations in current scheduling systems and limitations inherentin billing data, that may otherwise aid scheduling administrators ingenerating more efficient schedules, may create a burden on schedulingadministration systems as well as create inefficiencies that mayexacerbate the already high costs of health care. Specifically, sinceconventional scheduling systems are not capable of retrieving billinginformation from a medical billing system and converting such billinginformation into usable scheduling data, such scheduling systems areincapable of ascertaining an accurate history of the actual demand forspecific medical resources (such as procedure rooms and/or medicalpersonnel) during a selected time period that may be predictive ofdemand for such resources in a comparable subsequent time period. Inorder to ensure that sufficient medical resources may be on hand in agiven medical facility during a selected time period, schedulingadministrators may be required to over-schedule personnel and facilitiesspace to accommodate the busiest portions of a particular time period.For example, a scheduling administrator may be required to schedulesufficient medical personnel and facility space to accommodate 5substantially concurrent medical procedures in a particular medicalfacility for an entire shift even though the actual demand for suchmedical resources may only exist (as indicated by billing data, forexample) during a comparatively short time window during the middle ofthe shift. Conventional search systems lack the capability of accessingbilling data for a selected time period, much less translating and/orconverting such billing data into predictive forecast data that may beeither presented to a user prior to the scheduling of medical resourcesfor a subsequent comparable time period. Thus, some users (such asscheduling administrators and/or physicians) will be required to rely ongross estimates ascertained from “worst-case” maximum demand scenarios.Thus, conventional scheduling systems may over-schedule medicalresources for the majority of a shift (or other time period) in order toensure that sufficient resources are available in a medical facilityduring a particular time period.

Therefore, there exists a need for an improved system to solve thetechnical problems outlined above that are associated with conventionalmedical resource scheduling systems. More particularly, there exists aneed for a system capable of converting medical billing data that may beretrieved from a medical billing system into a format that may beindicative of a historical demand for a medical resource in a particularmedical facility during a selected time period. There also exists a needfor a system capable of providing scheduling forecast information to ascheduling administrator (via a display, for example) such that theadministrator may effectively use the converted billing data in order togenerate a schedule of medical resources that is optimally matched to apredicted demand for medical resources during a selected time period. Inaddition, there exists a need for a system that may export a forecasteddemand for medical resources (as a forecast schedule, for example) intoa scheduling system and/or calendar such that the forecast scheduleshown in the calendar is optimized for efficiency based at leastpartially upon the forecasted demand for medical resources (such asmedical personnel and/or medical procedure rooms).

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The needs outlined above are met by the present invention which, invarious embodiments, provides system, method, and computer programproduct embodiments that overcome many of the technical problemsdiscussed above, as well other technical problems, with regard to thescheduling of medical resources in a medical facility. Specifically, inone embodiment, a system for optimizing a schedule of at least onemedical resource in at least one medical facility using a billing dataset is provided. According to some embodiments, the system comprises amedical billing system comprising the billing data corresponding to atleast one medical procedure being performed using the at least onemedical resource in the at least one medical facility during a firsttime period. The data within the billing data may be indicative of autilization of the at least one medical resource during the first timeperiod. The system may further comprise a forecasting module incommunication with said medical billing system, wherein the forecastingmodule may retrieve the billing data set from the medical billingsystem. Furthermore, the forecasting module may also convert data withinthe billing data set into a utilization data set corresponding to ahistorical demand for the medical resource in the medical facilityduring the first time period. In addition, the forecasting module mayalso determine a forecast factor using data within the billing data set,wherein the forecast factor corresponds, for example, to an expecteddemand for the medical resource in the medical facility during a secondtime period (subsequent to the first time period) such that the at leastone medical resource is efficiently utilized during the second timeperiod. According to various embodiments, the medical resource for whichthe expected demand may be determined may include, but is not limitedto: a clinician and a medical procedure room within the at least onemedical facility.

In some system embodiments, the forecasting module may further generatethe schedule of the medical resource such that the schedule correspondsto the determined forecast factor during the second time period.Furthermore, the forecasting module may also be configured to transferthe generated schedule to a scheduling calendar. In some systemembodiments, the forecasting module may also comprise a memory devicefor storing the retrieved billing data set and/or a user interface fordisplaying the forecast factor to a user. In some such embodiments, theforecast module may displays the forecast factor to the user via theuser interface in a display that may include, but is not limited to: achart of substantially concurrent medical procedures in the at least onemedical facility during the first time period; a chart of a quantity ofthe at least one medical procedure in the at least one medical facilityduring the first time period; a Gantt chart of the at least one medicalprocedure during the first time period; and combinations thereof.

According to various system embodiments, the data within the billingdata set may include, but is not limited to: an identification code foridentifying a type of the at least one medical procedure; a time of theat least one medical procedure; a duration of the at least one medicalprocedure; a location of the at least one medical facility; a personnelidentification code for identifying a clinician performing the at leastone medical procedure; and combinations thereof. Using such billingdata, the system embodiments of the present invention may determine aforecast factor that may include, but is not limited to: a percentage oftime the at least one medical facility is in use during the first timeperiod; a number of clinicians required to staff the at least onemedical procedure; a qualification of a clinician required to staff theat least one medical procedure; a number of concurrent medicalprocedures occurring in the at least one medical facility during thefirst time period; a percentage of time that a selected number ofconcurrent medical procedures are occurring in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period; and combinations thereof.Furthermore, the first and second time periods for which the systemembodiments operate may be comparable time periods of substantiallyequivalent duration including, but not limited to: a day; a week; amonth; and a year.

Various system embodiments of the present invention may also comprise aconversion module in communication with the medical billing systemand/or the forecasting module. The conversion module may comprise dataand corresponding utilization information. According to some suchembodiments, the forecasting module may interrogate the conversionmodule so as to convert the data within the billing data set into autilization data set comprising the utilization informationcorresponding to a historical demand for the medical resource in themedical facility during the first time period.

Further, the present invention also provides methods and/or computerprogram products for optimizing a schedule of at least one medicalresource in at least one medical facility using a billing data set froma medical billing system. As described generally above, the billing dataset may corresponding to at least one medical procedure being performedusing the at least one medical resource in the at least one medicalfacility during a first time period. Furthermore, the data within thebilling data set may be indicative, for example, of a utilization of theat least one medical resource during the first time period. According toone embodiment, the method and/or computer program product may comprisesteps for: retrieving the billing data set from the medical billingsystem; converting data within the billing data set into a utilizationdata set corresponding to a historical demand for the medical resourcein the medical facility during the first time period; and determining aforecast factor using data within the billing data set. The forecastfactor determined in some embodiments may correspond, for example, to anexpected demand for the medical resource in the medical facility duringa second time period (subsequent to the first time period) such that theat least one medical resource is efficiently utilized during the secondtime period. According to various method and/or computer programproducts, the first and second time periods may be comparable timeperiods including, but not limited to: a day; a week; a month; and ayear. Furthermore, in various method and/or computer program products,the determined forecast factor may apply to forecast demand for variousmedical resources including, but not limited to a clinician and amedical procedure room within the at least one medical facility.

Some method and/or computer program embodiments may also comprise stepsfor redistributing the schedule of the at least one medical resourcesuch that the schedule corresponds to the determined forecast factorduring the second time period and/or steps for transferring thegenerated schedule to a scheduling calendar. Furthermore, some methodand/or computer program product embodiments may also comprise displayingthe forecast factor to a user (via a user interface, for example). Thedisplaying step may, in some embodiments, comprise displaying theforecast factor in a graphical display that may include, but is notlimited to: a chart of substantially concurrent medical procedures inthe at least one medical facility during the first time period; a chartof a quantity of the at least one medical procedure in the at least onemedical facility during the first time period; and a Gantt chart of theat least one medical procedure during the first time period.

In some method and/or computer program product embodiments the datawithin the retrieved billing data set may include, but is not limitedto: an identification code for identifying a type of the at least onemedical procedure; a time of the at least one medical procedure; aduration of the at least one medical procedure; a location of the atleast one medical facility; a personnel identification code foridentifying a clinician performing the at least one medical procedure;and combinations thereof. Furthermore, the forecast factor generated bythe determining step described above may include, but is not limited to:a percentage of time the at least one medical facility is in use duringthe first time period; a number of clinicians required to staff the atleast one medical procedure; a qualification of a clinician required tostaff the at least one medical procedure; a number of concurrent medicalprocedures occurring in the at least one medical facility during thefirst time period; and a percentage of time that a selected number ofconcurrent medical procedures are occurring in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period.

In addition, some method and/or computer program product embodimentsfurther comprise steps for interrogating a conversion module comprisingdata and corresponding utilization information so as to convert the datawithin the billing data set into a utilization data set comprising theutilization information corresponding to a historical demand for the atleast one medical resource in the at least one medical facility duringthe first time period.

Thus the systems, methods, and computer program products for optimizinga schedule of at least one medical resource in at least one medicalfacility using a billing data set, as described in the embodiments ofthe present invention, provide many advantages that may include, but arenot limited to: retrieving billing data set from a selected time periodthat may be highly predictive of demand for a particular medicalresource during a subsequent comparable time period; converting theretrieved billing data set into usable scheduling information that maybe useful to scheduling administrators for optimizing the scheduling ofmedical resources in one or more medical facilities; providing a clearuser-friendly display of a forecasted demand for a particular medicalresource in an upcoming time period so as to allow an administratorand/or user to prepare an optimized staffing and/or facilities schedule;and providing forecast factors and/or scheduling predictions orforecasts based on actual billing data that may be easily exported to ascheduling and/or calendar software suite.

These advantages and others that will be evident to those skilled in theart are provided in the system, method, and computer program product ofthe present invention. Importantly, all of these advantages allow thesystem to utilize medical billing data to generate scheduling forecastfactor that may be presented to a user such that the user is less likelyto over-schedule and/or under-schedule medical resources in a mannerthat may either create resource waste or overburden medical staff orfacilities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will nowbe made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn toscale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network environment in which thesystems, methods, and computer program products may be implementedaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of the operation flow of the systems, methods,and computer program products according to one embodiment of the presentinvention including retrieving billing data, converting the billing datato usage data, and determining a forecast factor.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of the operation flow of the systems, methods,and computer program products according to one embodiment of the presentinvention including retrieving billing data, converting the billing datato usage data, determining a forecast factor, and redistributing aschedule of a medical resource using the forecast factor.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of the operation flow of the systems, methods,and computer program products according to one embodiment of the presentinvention including retrieving billing data, converting the billing datato usage data, determining a forecast factor, redistributing a scheduleof a medical resource using the forecast factor, and transferring thegenerated schedule to a scheduling calendar.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of the operation flow of the systems, methods,and computer program products according to one embodiment of the presentinvention including retrieving billing data, converting the billing datato usage data, determining a forecast factor, and displaying theforecast factor to a user.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of the operation flow of the systems, methods,and computer program products according to one embodiment of the presentinvention including retrieving billing data, interrogating a conversionmodule, converting the billing data to usage data, and determining aforecast factor based on the usage data.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of the operation flow of the systems, methods,and computer program products according to one embodiment of the presentinvention including receiving a user input, retrieving billing data,converting the billing data to usage data, and determining a forecastfactor based on the usage data.

FIG. 8 is a graphical depiction of a display generated according to oneembodiment of the systems, methods, and computer program products of thepresent invention illustrating a forecast factor plot of requiredmedical personnel versus time during a first time period.

FIG. 9 is a graphical depiction of a display generated according to oneembodiment of the systems, methods, and computer program products of thepresent invention illustrating a forecast factor plot of concurrentmedical procedures as a percentage of time during a first time period (aTuesday, for example).

FIG. 10 is a graphical depiction of a display generated according to oneembodiment of the systems, methods, and computer program products of thepresent invention illustrating a forecast factor plot of concurrentmedical procedures as a percentage of time during a first time period (aFriday, for example).

FIG. 11 is a graphical depiction of a Gantt chart display generatedaccording to one embodiment of the systems, methods, and computerprogram products of the present invention illustrating a forecast factorplot of the start, duration, and end times for at least one medicalprocedure on a given Tuesday.

FIG. 12 is a graphical depiction of a Gantt chart display generatedaccording to one embodiment of the systems, methods, and computerprogram products of the present invention illustrating a forecast factorplot of the start, duration, and end times for at least one medicalprocedure on a given Friday.

FIG. 13 is a graphical depiction of a user input display generated by auser interface, according to one embodiment of the systems, methods, andcomputer program products of the present invention, wherein the userinput display is configured to receive a user input comprising aselection of a forecast factor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present inventions now will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not allembodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, these inventions may beembodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limitedto the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments areprovided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legalrequirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

The various aspects of the present invention mentioned above, as well asmany other aspects of the invention are described in greater detailbelow. The systems, methods, and computer program products of thepresent invention are described in an anesthesiology medical practiceenvironment. It must be understood that this is only one example of theuse of the present invention. Specifically, the systems, methods, andcomputer program products of the present invention can be adapted to anynumber of medical billing systems and medical resources and are notlimited to those in anesthesiology practices. For example, the presentinvention may be used to analyze billing data and develop forecastfactors based thereon in a variety of medical practices and/or medicalcare facilities including, but not limited to: surgical practices,radiology practices, family medicine practices, internal medicinepractices, and other medical facilities.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a typical conventional networkenvironment 10 in which the systems, methods, and computer programproducts of the present invention may be employed. The network includesa forecast module 12 (housed in a host computer device, for example).The forecast module 12 is typically connected to a network 14, such as aLAN, WAN, Intranet, or Internet, for example. Also connected to thenetwork are various medical billing systems 11 containing a variety ofbilling data sets including data that may be indicative of a utilizationof at least one medical resource in a selected medical facility during afirst time period. For example, data within a billing data set mayinclude, but is not limited to: service case entries corresponding tovarious services performed during the course of a medical procedureduring the first time period (such as a given hour, day, week, month,and/or year, for example). A service case entry may include, in someexamples, codes for patient preparation (including the administration ofanesthesia, for example), codes for a medical procedure and/or asurgical procedure (such as a surgical procedure performed under generalanesthesia), and/or codes for patient recovery (including time spent ina recovery room and/or supervision during recovery by a clinician). Thedata within the billing data sets may also include, but are not limitedto: identification codes for identifying a type of an at least onemedical procedure; times of the at least one medical procedure;durations of the at least one medical procedure; locations of the atleast one medical facility; personnel identification codes foridentifying a clinician performing the at least one medical procedure;payer class (i.e. type of insurance coverage for the medical procedure)and combinations thereof.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, users may also be connected to the network14 via personal computers 15 or other types of computing systems. Inaddition, one or more conversion modules 13 may also be connected to thenetwork 14 such that the forecast module 12 may be capable ofinterrogating the conversion module 13 so as to be capable of convertingthe data within the billing data set into a utilization data setcomprising utilization information corresponding to a historical demandfor the medical resource (such as a procedure room, a clinician, and/orother medical personnel) in at least one medical facility during thefirst time period.

In operation, the system of the present invention, via the forecastmodule 12, may provide a web page or other similar electronic form to auser. Using the web page or electronic form, the user may input and/ormodify a standard forecast query which may include, for example, aselection of a second time period that may be comparable to the firsttime period from which the billing data is taken (such as, for example,an upcoming week) or a selection of a particular medical facility (suchas a selected anesthesiology and/or operating room suite). Based eitheron this query, and/or based on a standard query stored in a memorydevice 22 provided as part of the forecast module 12, the forecastmodule 12 may, in some embodiments, poll the medical billing systems 11in order to retrieve one or more billing data sets from the medicalbilling systems 11 (see step 210 of FIG. 2, for example). According toother embodiments, the retrieval step (see step 210, of FIG. 2, forexample) may also comprise a step wherein the medical billing systems 11periodically “push” medical billing data to the forecast module 12 (asdescribed in further detail below).

Furthermore, the forecast module 12 may also convert data within thebilling data set into a utilization data set corresponding to ahistorical demand for the medical resource in the medical facilityduring the first time period (see step 220 of FIG. 2, for example). Asdiscussed above, the forecast module 12 may interrogate and/or consult aconversion module 13 so as to be capable of converting the data withinthe billing data set into a utilization data set comprising utilizationinformation corresponding to a historical demand for the medicalresource. In other embodiments, the forecast module 12 may accessconversion algorithms and/or a conversion key stored in a memory device22 that may be provided as part of a computer system hosting theforecasting module 12. For example, medical billing data retrieved fromsome medical billing systems may not include identifiers for specifictypes of medical procedures and may instead indicate only a start timeand/or duration of a given medical procedure within an anesthesiologypractice, for example. In such cases, the forecast module 12 mayinterrogate one or more of a conversion module 13 and/or a conversionalgorithm stored in a memory device 22 in order to convert durationinformation into, for example, a procedure and/or medical service type.For example, a billed medical procedure having a five minute durationmay correlate to a patient preparation step (which may require specificmedical resources, such as a registered nurse and a patient prep room).In another example, a billed medical procedure having a one hourduration may correlate to a procedure step (which may require specificmedical resources, such as an anesthesiologist and a nurse anesthetistand a sterile procedure room). In yet another example, a billed medicalprocedure having a different duration may correlate to a post-procedurerecovery step (which may require other specific medical resources, suchas a registered nurse and a recovery room). In such embodiments, theforecasting module 12 may be capable (by consulting a stored conversionkey and/or interrogating a conversion module 13) of converting certainbilling data to a standardized format (herein referred to a “utilizationdata set,” for example) that may be better used to generate a forecastfactor. According to other examples, the conversion module 13 may housea plurality of different conversion algorithms configured to convertbilling data from various different medical billing systems (each ofwhich may generate billing data having a different format) into astandardized “utilization data set” that may be used, in turn, togenerate the forecast factor.

Therefore in some system embodiments of the present invention, theforecast module 12 may determine a forecast factor using data within theutilization data set (see, for example, step 230 of FIG. 2). Theforecast factor determined by the forecast module 12 may correspond toan expected demand for the medical resource in at least one medicalfacility during a second time period, wherein the second time period maybe subsequent to the first time period, such that the at least onemedical resource may be more efficiently utilized and/or scheduledduring the second time period (such as an upcoming hour, day, week,month, or year, for example).

According to various system embodiments of the present invention, theforecast module may be capable of accessing a calendar (stored in amemory device 22 for example, and/or accessible via the network 14) suchthat when determining one or more forecast factors, the forecast module12 may take into account the holiday calendar is so as to ensure weeksof same type (i.e. “short” holiday weeks) correspond to comparablehistorical weeks (having stored billing data, for example) before usingsuch stored billing data to forecast demand for a medical resource. Forexample, time periods with holiday types are matched against equivalentholiday types in the past time periods, non-holiday time periods arematched with non-holiday time periods in past years (not simply by weeknumber, for example). In addition, the forecast module 12 may also becapable of determining a forecast factor wherein selection of the firsttime period is made such that only full weeks enter the calculations.For example, incomplete weeks at the end of a given time period (such asmonth's and/or year's end) may be truncated and discarded by theforecast module 12 for the purposes of determining the forecast factor.Such embodiments may provide a more accurate forecast factor so as tomore accurately assess demand for medical resources during special eventweeks such as Thanksgiving week. The forecast factor determined by theforecast module 12, according to some system embodiments of the presentinvention, may include, but is not limited to: a percentage of time theat least one medical facility is in use during the first time period; anumber of clinicians required to staff the at least one medicalprocedure; a qualification of a clinician required to staff the at leastone medical procedure; a number of concurrent medical proceduresoccurring in the at least one medical facility during the first timeperiod; and a percentage of time that a selected number of concurrentmedical procedures are occurring in the at least one medical facilityduring the first time period.

The forecast factors generated by the forecast module 12 of the presentinvention may also include one or more graphical and/or statisticalresults determined using the retrieved billing data. For example, theforecast factor may comprise a Gantt chart of selected medicalprocedures in a selected medical facility (such as a selected proceduresuite) during a first time period. As shown generally in FIGS. 11-12,the Gantt Chart forecast factor may enable a user to obtain a quick andefficient overview of “busy time of day” and “idle periods” (whiteareas) in past time periods of interest.

Some forecast factors generated by the system embodiments of the presentinvention may also comprise financial information obtained from themedical billing systems 11. For example, the forecast module 12 may alsobe capable of determining a percentage of payer volume (i.e. insurancetype volume) within a selected medical facility during a selected firsttime period. Payers may be defined in a 2-level hierarchy comprising:(1) payer group and (2) payer class (wherein a payer class may compriseone or more payer groups). Each insurance company may pay differentamounts for the same procedure. Thus, payer volume forecast factors mayallow a user of embodiments of the present system to evaluate how muchtime was spent doing “well paid work” as opposed to “poorly paid work”in a given medical facility. A payer volume forecast factor may bedetermined by the forecast module 12 by calculating percentage of volume(wherein volume is herein defined as a number of man-hours (mh)) in eachpayer class or payer group. Such a forecast factor may also be weightedto emphasize particular payer classes and/or payer groups whencalculating the payer volume forecast factor.

According to other system embodiments of the present invention, theforecast module 12 may also be configured to determine a forecast factorthat may be indicative of a number of concurrent medical proceduresoccurring in a medical facility (such as a particular suite of medicalprocedure rooms). For example, according to one embodiment, demand for amedical resource (such as operating room anesthesia staff) may beaccurately predicted. For the purposes of optimizing the forecast factorin one embodiment, an assumption may be made wherein at any given hour(or other selected time unit), one anesthesia nurse staff member isneeded to oversee one activity and one anesthesiologist is needed tostaff 3-4 concurrent activities. Thus, the concurrent activitiesforecast factor may be critical to predicting the correct staffing foroperating room anesthesia staff. Thus, in some embodiments, the forecastmodule 12 may determine a concurrent activities forecast factor bydetermining a number of concurrent medical procedures versus a selectedtime axis point by day (using, for example, the utilization data setobtained by converting the raw billing data sets retrieved from themedical billing systems 11). According to various system embodiments,the forecast module may then perform a statistical calculation on thenumber of concurrent medical procedures to determine various forecastfactors, including, but not limited to: an average number of concurrentmedical procedures occurring in the selected time interval; 50% of themedian number of concurrent medical procedures occurring in the selectedtime interval, maximum number of concurrent medical procedures occurringin the selected time interval, and a distribution of concurrent medicalprocedures occurring in the selected time interval.

In some other system embodiments, the forecast module may also determinea forecast factor comprising a weekly forecast of concurrent medicalprocedures per time interval. For example, the forecast module 12 maydistribute medical procedures (detected by retrieving the billing datacorresponding thereto) into a series of first time periods (using aholiday calendar as described generally above to ensure a comparison ofcomparable seasonal time periods) and may further utilize apredetermined weighted average (wherein the weighting factors may bestored in a memory device 22) to calculate forecast for a comparablesecond time period (in the upcoming year, for example). The forecastmodule 12 may, for example calculate a weighted average forecast factorthat gives the most weight to the last year and, may use the followingweighting values: 1 year prior: 1.0, 2 years prior: (0.4, 0.6) 3 yearsprior (0.2, 0.3, 0.5) (wherein the weighting factors are selecteddepending also on the number of billing data points used to determinethe utilization data set).

In some other system embodiments, the forecast module 12 may alsocalculate a forecast factor comprising a weekly forecast of concurrentmedical procedures per time interval using exponential smoothing (suchas triple exponential smoothing, for example) statistical techniques.The forecasting factors displayed as a result of such a determinationmay include, but are not limited to: forecasted values of concurrentmedical procedures per time interval for a comparable future week;actual concurrent medical procedures per time interval for thecomparable first time period; and forecasted values plus an indicationof the error (MAPE) inherent in the forecasted value. According to othersystem embodiments, the forecast module may also distribute medicalprocedures into selected first time periods (such as prior months) anduse linear regression techniques to calculate forecast factor of volume(in man-minutes, for example) for a second time period (such as acomparable month in the upcoming year). Thus, the forecast module mayaccurately predict volume in man-minutes, which when determined in linewith payer class (as described generally above) may accurately predictrevenues for an upcoming time period. Monthly volume can display trendsimportant for quarterly planning, including for example, staff hiringand/or downsizing requirements.

Other system embodiments may comprise a forecast module 12 that maydetermine a forecast factor that may include, but is not limited to: amaximum number of concurrent medical procedures by time period (such asby week); a correlation between morning and afternoon volume (inman-hours, for example) per time period (i.e. daily); total volume (inman-minutes) per starts (daily or hourly)(which may indicate averageduration of medical procedure in minutes); a number of medicalprocedures started per time period; and a number of medical proceduresstopped per time period.

According to various system embodiments of the present invention theforecasting module may comprise a memory device 22 for storing multipleretrieved billing data sets from one or more medical billing systems 11over the course of a selected number of time periods in order to compileand utilize a wide range of historical billing data over the course of,in some embodiments, several years in order to determine some forecastfactors. Thus, the “utilization data set” used by the forecast module todetermine a forecast factor may comprise, in some embodiments, storedand/or converted billing data from one or more first time periods thatmay be comparable to the second time period for which a medical resourcedemand forecast may be sought.

By converting the billing data to a standardized “utilization data set”to determine the various types of forecast factors described above, theforecast module 12 may be capable of compiling billing data from anumber of different medical billing systems 11 within a large healthcare system, for example, and developing powerful and flexible forecastfactors for various administrative levels within the health care system.For example, as described below with respect to step 710 of FIG. 7(generally depicting a method embodiment of the present invention) somesystem embodiments of the present invention may further comprise a userinterface configured to receive a user input comprising a selection ofthe forecast factor. Thus, a user may input a selection of one or moremedical facilities, medical practices, and/or specific procedure roomswithin a large healthcare system. The forecast module may then tailorthe compilation of billing data to correlate more closely to theselected forecast factor. For example, if a user selects a forecastfactor for a specific operating room suite in a specific hospital, theforecast module may only retrieve billing data corresponding to medicalprocedures performed in the same and/or comparable operating room suiteswithin the same health care system such that the forecast factorgenerated using the billing data may be especially reflective of theexpected demand for medical resources (including, for example, procedureroom space and/or certain types of medical personnel) in the selectedoperating room suite.

According to some other system embodiments, the forecast module 12 maybe further configured to generate the schedule of the at least onemedical resource such that the schedule corresponds to the determinedforecast factor during the second time period. For example, if theforecast factor indicates that a maximum number of concurrent medicalprocedures in a four-room surgical suite staffed by three surgeons areoccurring during a two-hour block during the middle of the day (see FIG.9, for example), the forecast module 12 may automatically generate aschedule of clinicians and/or procedure rooms to accommodate the maximumnumber of concurrent procedures during the middle of the day withoutscheduling a concurrent maximum number of medical resources during afull shift. In addition, the forecast module 12 may utilize a forecastfactor output 810 (see FIG. 8, for example) in order to provide, forexample, an overlap of working shifts for one or more medical personnelsuch that a greater number of medical personnel may be present in themedical facility during the peak hours of concurrent medical procedures(as indicated by the forecast factor determined by analyzing billingdata from a previous comparable time period). In addition, the forecastmodule 12 may also schedule a maximum number of procedure rooms (forexample 4 procedure rooms) using the forecast factor output 920 of FIG.9 (which shows pie chart 920 graphs of the percentage of time during aparticular hour that a given number of concurrent procedures wereoccurring during a comparable time period) only during the portion of aparticular time period that multiple concurrent procedures are performed(as indicated by the billing data). According to further embodiments,the forecast module 12 may also transfer the generated schedule ofmedical resources to a scheduling calendar. For example, the forecastmodule 12 may transfer the generated schedule to a computer device 15via the network 14 such that the user may view and/or manually edit thegenerated schedule generated by the forecast module 12 in an electroniccalendar program and/or scheduling module.

As shown generally in FIGS. 8-12, the forecast module 12 may alsogenerate a display 800 of the forecast factor. Some system embodimentsof the present invention may comprise a user interface (such as adisplay 24 provided as a component of the forecast module 12 and/or acomputer device 15 in communication with the forecast module 12 via thenetwork 14. According to some embodiments, the forecast module 12 maydisplay the forecast factor to the user via said user interface in adisplay 800 that may include, but is not limited to: a chart ofsubstantially concurrent medical procedures in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period (see, for example, FIGS. 9-12,generally showing pie charts of the percentage of time that differentnumbers of concurrent medical procedures were billed for a first timeperiod); a chart of a quantity of the at least one medical procedure inthe at least one medical facility during the first time period; and aGantt chart of the at least one medical procedure during the first timeperiod (see FIGS. 11-12, showing Gantt charts of two different workdays(Tuesday and Friday) within a given first time period (a week)).

FIG. 8 shows a display 800 generated by one forecast module 12embodiment of the present invention, wherein the display 800 includes aforecast factor plot comprising a plot of a billed medical resource (inthis case, a number of medical personnel) versus time of day for aparticular Monday (as indicated by the data point legend 840 that may bedisplayed as part of the display 800). Thus, in some system embodiments,the forecast module 12 may be capable of displaying billed medicalpersonnel versus time of day for a plurality of days within a selectedtime period concurrently in a single display 800 by utilizing differentdata point indicator shapes as shown, for example, in the data pointlegend 840). According to various system embodiments of the presentinvention, the forecast module 12 may use billing data retrieved fromthe billing data systems 11 to determine a number of medical personnel(including, in some instances a type of medical personnel (such as acertified nurse anesthetist, and/or an anesthesiologist) whose time mayhave been billed during a prior Monday of a comparable week (i.e. anon-holiday Monday in the middle of the summer) and determine a forecastfactor (i.e. that no more than 10 medical personnel should be scheduledbefore 0730 or after 1200 on such a Monday) that may be shown in adisplay 800 as shown in FIG. 8. The plotted forecast factor 810 of FIG.8 may also generally indicate that a scheduling administrator should notschedule 13 medical personnel to work a ten-hour shift from 0700-1700when the peak demand for this medical resource (13 medical personnel,for example) only exists on comparable Mondays for approximately 2 hours(0930-1130).

Various system embodiments of the present invention also provide aforecast module 12 that may be capable of generating a display 800 of achart of substantially concurrent medical procedures in the at least onemedical facility during the first time period (such as a given workday).For example, FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a display 800 that may begenerated by the forecast module 12 of the present invention to indicatethe percentage of time within a selected time period that a specificnumber of concurrent medical procedures are typically running (asascertained by the forecast module 12 using billing data retrieved fromthe medical billing systems 11, for example). In the example depicted inFIGS. 9 and 10, a particular medical facility (such as an anesthesiologydepartment within a hospital) has a multiple-year history of schedulingfour procedure rooms for a three-surgeon medical team for the weekdaysTuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. FIG. 9 shows, for example, agroup of pie charts 920 (for each hour of a Tuesday) showing thepercentage of time within a specific hour 910, that a number ofconcurrent medical procedures may be occurring within a given medicalfacility (such as a suite of four procedure rooms). A pie chart 920corresponding to 1300, Tuesday, indicates (using the concurrentprocedure tags 930) that: 4 procedures were taking place concurrentlyfor 15 percent of the hour between 1300 and 1400, 3 procedures weretaking place concurrently for 23 percent of the hour between 1300 and1400, 2 procedures were taking place concurrently for 15 percent of thehour between 1300 and 1400, 1 procedure was taking place for 23 percentof the hour between 1300 and 1400, and no procedures were taking placefor 23 percent of the hour between 1300 and 1400. As described belowwith respect to FIG. 7, some system, method, and computer programembodiments of the present invention may allow a user to select theforecast factor that may be determined and displayed (via the display800) by the forecast module 12. Thus, a user may select to plot aforecast factor (such as a concurrent procedures pie chart 920 forselected medical resources (i.e. the three-surgeon team, using a 4-roomprocedure suite, as described above), over the course of a selected timeperiod (i.e. a Tuesday) which would lead to a forecast factor plot asshown generally in FIG. 9. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 10, theforecast module 12 may also be capable of determining and/or plotting(in a display 800, for example) a forecast factor of concurrent medicalprocedures for the three-surgeon team described above for a Friday. Asshown in FIG. 10, for example, the pie chart 930 corresponding to the1200 hour 910 indicates that only one procedure was performed (for only19 percent of the plotted hour (as indicated by the concurrent proceduretag 930 in the display 800)). Thus, the display 800 generated by theforecast module 12 may allow a user (such as a scheduling administratorand/or clinician) to quickly identify medical resource schedulinginefficiencies by scanning the displays 800 for long periods of timehaving 2 or less concurrent procedures running. For example, the display800 shown in FIG. 10 may indicate that for Fridays (during a comparableseason to the Friday forecast factor plotted in FIG. 10), thethree-surgeon team may only require, at most, three procedure rooms (fora two hour block of time) and/or that one of the team members may take ashortened Friday work schedule.

FIGS. 11-12 show an alternate Gantt-type forecast factor display 800that may be generated by the forecast module 12 of the present inventionaccording to some system embodiments of the present invention. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 11 Gantt chart display 800 may be generated toplot medical procedures (by individual billed case number 1120, forexample) versus time 1130 for a selected historical first time periodthat may be comparable (i.e. a non-holiday, midsummer week) to anupcoming second time period. The Gantt chart display 800 may depict theduration 1140 of individual procedures and show how concurrent medicalprocedures have lined up during the course of a typical Tuesday (FIG.11, for example, corresponds to the display of pie charts 930 showngenerally in FIG. 9). FIG. 12 shows a Gantt chart display 800 showingmedical procedures being performed by the three-surgeon team on atypical Friday (corresponding to the pie chart 930 display 800 of FIG.10, for example). As FIG. 12 indicates, the forecast factor generated bythe forecast module 12 indicates that there may be little need formultiple procedure rooms (or medical staff schedule overlap) on atypical Friday (at least as indicated by a previous comparable Friday'sbilling data and/or a weighted average thereof based on historical datafrom multiple comparable time periods).

As described generally above, some system embodiments of the presentinvention may also comprise one or more user interfaces for displayingthe forecast factor to a user. For example, the user interface maycomprise a computer device 15 in communication with the forecast module12 via the network 14. In other embodiments, the user interface maycomprise a display 24 and/or keyboard interface 26 that may be includedas part of a computer device that may host the forecast module 12 of thepresent invention. In any case, the user interface may also beconfigured to receive a user input comprising a selection of theforecast factor. For example, as shown generally in FIG. 13, the userinterface may be capable of generating a display 800 including one ormore input areas 1310-1390 such that a user may input a query and/or aspecific selection of a forecast factor that they would like theforecast module to determine based upon the billing data retrieved fromone or more medical billing systems 11. For example, as shown in FIG.13, the selection display 800 may comprise drop down menus 1310-1330 forselecting a forecast factor based upon certain utilization data criteriawhich may include, but are not limited to: a medical procedure/activitytype 1310, a medical resource (staff) type 1320, and an other staff type1330 (i.e. non-medical and/or administrative staff). In otherembodiments (see FIG. 13, for example) the selection display 800 mayalso comprise text boxes wherein a user may input other selectioncriteria for modifying the parameters of the forecast factor determinedby the forecast module. For example, the selection display 800 maycomprise various text boxes 1330-1390 wherein a user may input forecastfactor criteria including, but not limited to: a medical staff number ininclude in the forecast factor determination 1340, a medical staffnumber to exclude from the forecast factor determination 1350; a payerclass (insurance company, for example) 1360, a payer class to excludefrom the forecast factor determination 1370; a location code(corresponding to a selected medical facility, for example) 1380; alocation code to exclude from the forecast factor determination 1390; aprocedure code (corresponding to a medical procedure type to be includedin the forecast factor determination. Thus, as shown generally in FIG.13, some system embodiments of the present invention may allow the userto selectively modify the parameters of the forecast factordetermination in order to change the focus of the forecast factordetermination as performed by the forecast module. For example, a usermay choose to focus on scheduling profitable medical procedures byselecting a forecast factor that includes profitable payer classes. Theuser may also choose to exclude certain staff identification numbers(for staff members with scheduled vacations during the upcoming secondtime period (for which the forecast factor and/or schedule is beingdeveloped)).

As illustrated in exploded portion of FIG. 1 corresponding to theforecast module 12, the forecast module 12 of the system embodiments ofthe present invention may be generally embodied as a typical computer,server or mainframe system depending on the embodiment. The hostcomputer 12 may generally include a processing element 20, such as amicroprocessor, VLSI, ASIC, etc., a storage device 22, display 24,keyboard and mouse interface 26, and a network interface 28.

In some embodiments, the host computer system 12 may poll one or moremedical billing systems 11 for medical billing data each time a userrequests a particular forecast factor (via a personal computer 15, forexample). However, in some embodiments, such frequent requests may slowdown and/or disrupt the medical billing system 11. Further, accessingthe medical billing system 11 may have an associated processing delay.For this reason, in some embodiments, the forecast module 12 may furtherinclude a prepopulated cache 30 from which medical billing data (andcorresponding medical resource usage data) is derived for providingforecast factors according to various embodiments of the presentinvention. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the forecast module 12 ofthe present invention includes an availability cache 30 located in thestorage device 22. The availability cache 30 is populated with medicalbilling data from a first time period that may be required fordetermining a forecast factor for an expected demand for a medicalresource during a comparable subsequent second time period. In suchembodiments, the data retrieved from the availability cache 30 may alsobe used to determine a forecast factor and/or reschedule a medicalresource using the forecast factor, as described above, and be presentedto a user's personal computer 15 (or other user interface) in a display.

Furthermore, according to various system embodiments of the presentinvention, it should be understood that medical billing data may betransferred from one or more medical billing systems 11 to the forecastmodule 12 (or a memory device 22 in communication therewith) via “push”and/or “pull” techniques. For example, according to “pull” techniques,one skilled in the art will appreciate that the forecast module 12 mayperiodically (in response to a user input, and/or at a predeterminedinterval, for example) interrogate one or more medical billing systems11 to “pull” medical billing data sets therefrom. Furthermore, accordingto other system embodiments, “push” techniques may be used, wherein oneor more medical billing systems 11 may be adapted to periodically(monthly, weekly, and/or daily, for example) “push” medical billing datato the forecast module 12 (via a network 14 connection, for example)and/or to the storage device 22 that may be included as a component ofthe forecast module 12 of the present invention. Thus, as describedabove, either of the described “pull” or “push” techniques may also beused to populate an availability cache 30 provided as part of the memorydevice 22 of the forecast module 12. As one skilled in the art willappreciate, similar “push” and/or “pull” techniques may also be used totransfer descriptive and/or conversion data from one or more conversionmodules 13 to the forecast module 12 (via a network 14, for example) toaid the forecast module in converting raw medical billing data into ausable forecast factor that may be displayed to a user.

The various operations of the present invention may be performed eitherby hardware in the form of ASIC chips or other specialized hardware orby operation of software ran by a processing element. In the lattercase, the storage device 22 may also further include the variouscomputer software programs and modules used to implement the operationsof the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a generalized illustration of the operations performed by thesystems, methods, and computer program products of the present inventionto generate the various forecast factors discussed above and to generatethe various forecast factor displays illustrated in FIGS. 2-7. Thedescription of this operation is given by example to the systemschematic shown generally in FIG. 1, and to the various displayillustrations shown in FIGS. 8-13.

FIG. 2 shows a method for optimizing a schedule of at least one medicalresource (such as, for example, a clinician and/or a medical procedureroom) in at least one medical facility using a billing data setretrieved from a medical billing system 11. As described generally abovewith respect to the various system embodiments of the present invention,the billing data set may corresponding to at least one medical procedurebeing performed using the at least one medical resource in the at leastone medical facility during a first time period (such as a comparablepast week and/or a statistical compilation of billing data from aplurality of comparable past weeks). In addition, the data within thebilling data set may also be indicative of a utilization of the at leastone medical resource during the first time period. As discussed above,data within the billing data set may include, but is not limited to: anidentification code for identifying a type of the at least one medicalprocedure; a time of the at least one medical procedure; a duration ofthe at least one medical procedure; a location of the at least onemedical facility; a personnel identification code for identifying aclinician performing the at least one medical procedure; and/orcombinations thereof.

As shown generally in FIG. 2, some method embodiments may comprise step210 for retrieving the billing data set from the medical billing system11, and step 220 for converting data within the billing data set into autilization data set corresponding to a historical demand for themedical resource in the at least one medical facility during the firsttime period. Finally, the various method embodiments of the presentinvention may also comprise step 230 for determining a forecast factorusing data within the utilization data set. The forecast factor maycorrespond, for example, to an expected demand for the medical resourcein the at least one medical facility during a second time period, thesecond time period being subsequent to the first time period, such thatthe at least one medical resource may be efficiently utilized during thesecond time period.

As described generally above, step 230 may comprise performing a numberof different statistical calculations on the utilization data set fordetermining the forecast factor. For example, step 230 may include, butis not limited to: generating a Gantt chart of medical procedures billedduring the first time period; calculating an average number ofconcurrent medical procedures during a time interval within the firsttime period; calculating a percentage of payer volume; calculatingforecasts of concurrent medical procedures during a time interval withinthe first time period using statistical techniques such as concurrentweighted averages, exponential smoothing (such as triple exponentialsmoothing, for example), and linear regression; and calculating anaverage number of medical procedure starts and stops during the firsttime period. According to other method embodiments, the forecast factorgenerated in step 230 may include, but is not limited to: a percentageof time the at least one medical facility is in use during the firsttime period; a number of clinicians required to staff the at least onemedical procedure; a qualification of a clinician required to staff theat least one medical procedure; a number of concurrent medicalprocedures occurring in the at least one medical facility during thefirst time period; and a percentage of time that a selected number ofconcurrent medical procedures are occurring in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period.

As shown in FIG. 3, some method embodiments of the present invention mayalso comprise step 310 for generating and/or redistributing the scheduleof the at least one medical resource such that the schedule correspondsto the determined forecast factor during the second time period. Thus,in some method embodiments, step 310 may comprise generating and/orredistributing a schedule of a medical resource (such as reservedprocedure rooms and/or the schedules of physicians and/or other clinicalstaff) such that the schedule better aligns with the forecast factor(which is calculated, at least in part, using historical utilizationdata (see step 230) that is based, in turn, upon actual billing data fora first time period that may be directly comparable to the second timeperiod (i.e. an upcoming day, week, month, and/or year for which aschedule is to be developed). For example, and as discussed generallyabove with respect to FIG. 9, if the forecast factor indicates that amaximum number of concurrent medical procedures in a four-room surgicalsuite staffed by three surgeons are occurring during a two-hour blockduring the middle of the day (see FIG. 9, for example), the forecastmodule 12 may automatically generate and/or redistribute a schedule ofclinicians and/or procedure rooms to accommodate the maximum number ofconcurrent procedures during the middle of the day without scheduling aconcurrent maximum number of medical resources during a full shift.

Furthermore, in some method embodiments (as shown in FIG. 4), the methodmay further comprise step 410 for transferring the generated and/orredistributed schedule of medical resources to a scheduling calendar.For example, as described above with respect to the various systemembodiments of the present invention, the forecast module 12 maytransfer the schedule to a computer device 15 via the network 14 suchthat the user may view and/or manually edit the schedule generated bythe forecast module 12 in an electronic calendar program and/orscheduling module.

FIG. 5 shows another method embodiment of the present invention furthercomprising step 510 for displaying the forecast factor (determined instep 230, for example) to a user. As discussed above with respect to thesystem embodiments of the present invention, the forecast module 12 may,for example, generate a graphical depiction of a forecast factor in adisplay 800 (see FIGS. 8-12) such that a user may view a graphicaldepiction of the forecast of a projected demand for a specific medicalresource during an upcoming second time period (that may be comparableto a first time period from which actual billing data may be retrieved(see step 210) and based upon which medical resource utilization data220 is generated. As described in further detail above with respect tovarious system embodiments of the present invention, the displaying step510 may also further comprise displaying the forecast factor to the userin a graphical display 800 (see FIGS. 8-12, for example) that mayinclude, but is not limited to: a chart of substantially concurrentmedical procedures in the at least one medical facility during the firsttime period (see the percentage of concurrent medical procedures piecharts of FIGS. 9 and 10 (depicting concurrent medical procedures for aTuesday and Friday, respectively); a chart of a quantity of the at leastone medical procedure in the at least one medical facility during thefirst time period (see for example, FIG. 8, generally depicting a volume(in man hours) of a medical resource (corresponding generally to anumber of medical procedures) during a particular Tuesday); and a Ganttchart of the at least one medical procedure during the first time period(see generally, FIGS. 11 and 12, showing Gantt charts of medicalprocedures in a particular medical treatment suite during a typicalTuesday and Friday, respectively).

According to other method embodiments, the display step 510 may alsocomprise generating a text and/or numerical display of one or moreforecast factors that may be generated according to step 230 in variousmethod embodiments of the present invention. For example, the forecastfactor displayed to the user as part of step 510 may comprise anumerical indication of a forecast medical procedure volume (in manhours, for a selected second time period corresponding to a first timeperiod for which billing data indicating medical procedure volume may beavailable).

FIG. 6 shows another alternate method embodiment of the presentinvention comprise step 610 for interrogating a conversion module 13(which may be in communication with a forecast module 12 via a computernetwork 14) prior to step 220 for converting data within the retrievedbilling data set (see step 210) into a utilization data set that may beindicative of historical demand for a given medical resource at aselected medical facility during a first time period (which may becomparable to a second time period for which a medical resource scheduleis yet to be developed). The interrogating step 610 may comprise, insome method embodiments, interrogating a conversion module 13 (seeFIG. 1) comprising data and corresponding utilization information so asto convert the data within the billing data set into a utilization dataset comprising the utilization information corresponding to a historicaldemand for the at least one medical resource in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period. As discussed above with respectto the various system embodiments of the present invention, the forecastmodule 12 may interrogate a conversion module 13 so as to be capable ofconverting the data within the billing data set into a utilization dataset comprising utilization information corresponding to a historicaldemand for the medical resource. In other embodiments, the forecastmodule 12 may access conversion data and/or a conversion key stored in amemory device 22 that may be provided as part of a computer systemhosting the forecasting module 12. For example, medical billing dataretrieved from some medical billing systems may not include identifiersfor specific types of medical procedures and may instead indicate only astart time and/or duration of a given medical procedure within ananesthesiology practice. In such cases, the forecast module 12 mayinterrogate one or more of a conversion module 13 and/or a conversionkey stored in a memory device 22 in order to convert durationinformation into, for example, a procedure and/or medical service type.

Finally, as shown in FIG. 7, some method embodiments of the presentinvention may also comprise step 710 for receiving a user inputcomprising a selection of the forecast factor. For example, as showngenerally in FIG. 13, various embodiments of the present invention maygenerate a user input display 800 for receiving a user input that maycomprise one or more selections for tailoring one or more parameters ofthe forecast factor to a specific information requirement of the user.For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the user may in some embodiments,input a selection of various forecast factor parameters prior to theperformance of steps 210-230 for determining a forecast factor. Suchinput parameters may include, but are not limited to: a medicalprocedure/activity type 1310; a medical resource (staff) type 1320;general staff type 1330 (i.e. non-medical and/or administrative staff);a medical staff number in include in the forecast factor determination1340; a medical staff number to exclude from the forecast factordetermination 1350; a payer class (insurance company, for example) 1360;a payer class to exclude from the forecast factor determination 1370; alocation code (corresponding to a selected medical facility, forexample) 1380; a location code to exclude from the forecast factordetermination 1390; a procedure code (corresponding to a medicalprocedure type to be included in the forecast factor determination.Thus, as shown generally in FIG. 13, some method embodiments of thepresent invention may allow the user to selectively modify theparameters of the forecast factor determination in order to change thefocus of the forecast factor determination of step 230.

In addition to providing apparatus and methods, the present inventionalso provides computer program products for performing the operationsdescribed above. The computer program products have a computer readablestorage medium having computer readable program code means embodied inthe medium. With reference to FIG. 1, the computer readable storagemedium may be part of the storage device 22, not shown, and mayimplement the computer readable program code means to perform the abovediscussed operations.

In this regard, FIGS. 2-7 are block diagram illustrations of methods,systems and program products according to the invention. It will beunderstood that each block or step of the block diagram and combinationsof blocks in the block diagram can be implemented by computer programinstructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded onto acomputer or other programmable apparatus to produce a machine, such thatthe instructions which execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in theblock diagram, flowchart or control flow block(s) or step(s). Thesecomputer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readablememory that can direct a computer or other programmable apparatus tofunction in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored inthe computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture includinginstruction means which implement the function specified in the blockdiagram, flowchart or control flow block(s) or step(s). The computerprogram instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or otherprogrammable apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to beperformed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce acomputer implemented process such that the instructions which execute onthe computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps forimplementing the functions specified in the block diagram, flowchart orcontrol flow block(s) or step(s).

Accordingly, blocks or steps of the block diagram, flowchart or controlflow illustrations support combinations of means for performing thespecified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specifiedfunctions and program instruction means for performing the specifiedfunctions. It will also be understood that each block or step of theblock diagram, flowchart or control flow illustrations, and combinationsof blocks or steps in the block diagram, flowchart or control flowillustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedcomputer systems which perform the specified functions or steps, orcombinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forthherein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which theseinventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in theforegoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is tobe understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specificembodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments areintended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

1. A system for optimizing a schedule of at least one medical resourcein at least one medical facility using a billing data set, the systemcomprising: a medical billing system comprising the billing datacorresponding to at least one medical procedure being performed usingthe at least one medical resource in the at least one medical facilityduring a first time period, the data within the billing data set beingindicative of a utilization of the at least one medical resource duringthe first time period; and a forecasting module in communication withsaid medical billing system, wherein said forecasting module: retrievesthe billing data set from the medical billing system; converts datawithin the billing data set into a utilization data set corresponding toa historical demand for the at least one medical resource in the atleast one medical facility during the first time period; determines aforecast factor using data within the utilization data set, the forecastfactor corresponding to an expected demand for the at least one medicalresource in the at least one medical facility during a second timeperiod, the second time period being subsequent to the first timeperiod; and generates a schedule for the at least one medical resourcebased on the determined forecast factor indicating at least a date andtime during the second time period when the at least one medicalresource is expected to be utilized.
 2. A system according to claim 1,wherein said forecasting module transfers the generated schedule to ascheduling calendar.
 3. A system according to claim 1, wherein saidforecasting module comprises a memory device for storing the retrievedbilling data set.
 4. A system according to claim 1, further comprising auser interface for displaying the forecast factor to a user.
 5. A systemaccording to claim 4, wherein said user interface is configured toreceive a user input comprising a selection of the forecast factor.
 6. Asystem according to claim 4, wherein said forecast module displays theforecast factor to the user via said user interface in at least one of:a chart of substantially concurrent medical procedures in the at leastone medical facility during the first time period; a chart of a quantityof the at least one medical procedure in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period; and a Gantt chart of the at leastone medical procedure during the first time period.
 7. A systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the data within the billing data setcomprises at least one of: an identification code for identifying a typeof the at least one medical procedure; a time of the at least onemedical procedure; a duration of the at least one medical procedure; alocation of the at least one medical facility; a personnelidentification code for identifying a clinician performing the at leastone medical procedure; and combinations thereof.
 8. A system accordingto claim 1, wherein the forecast factor comprises at least one of: apercentage of time the at least one medical facility is in use duringthe first time period; a number of clinicians required to staff the atleast one medical procedure; a qualification of a clinician required tostaff the at least one medical procedure; a number of concurrent medicalprocedures occurring in the at least one medical facility during thefirst time period; and a percentage of time that a selected number ofconcurrent medical procedures are occurring in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period.
 9. A system according to claim 1wherein the first and second time periods are comparable time periods ofsubstantially equivalent duration comprising at least one of: a day; aweek; a month; and a year.
 10. A system according to claim 1, furthercomprising a conversion module comprising data and correspondingutilization information, and wherein said forecasting moduleinterrogates said conversion module so as to convert the data within thebilling data set into a utilization data set comprising the utilizationinformation corresponding to a historical demand for the at least onemedical resource in the at least one medical facility during the firsttime period.
 11. A system according to claim 1, wherein the at least onemedical resource is at least one of: a clinician; and a medicalprocedure room within the at least one medical facility.
 12. A systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the at least one medical resourcecomprises a plurality of like medical resources each beinginterchangeable with one another such that a first of the pluralityfunctions similarly to a second of the plurality; wherein the forecastfactor corresponds to an expected demand for the plurality of likemedical resources, the forecast factor comprising a number of concurrentmedical procedures occurring in the at least one medical facility duringthe first time period; and wherein the forecast factor is configuredsuch that the plurality of like medical resources can be scheduled forefficient utilization of each of the plurality during the second timeperiod.
 13. A system according to claim 12, wherein said forecastingmodule generates the schedule of the at least one medical resource suchthat the schedule corresponds to the determined forecast factor duringthe second time period, the plurality of like medical resources eachbeing scheduled for efficient utilization of each of the pluralityduring the second time period.
 14. A system according to claim 1,wherein the forecasting module generates the schedule for the at leastone medical resource based on the determined forecast factor indicatingat least a date and time, the time comprising a time interval, duringthe second time period when the at least one medical resource isexpected to be utilized.
 15. A system according to claim 1, wherein theforecasting module generates the schedule for the at least one medicalresource based on the determined forecast factor indicating at least adate and time, the date comprising a date range, during the second timeperiod when the at least one medical resource is expected to beutilized.
 16. A method for optimizing a schedule of at least one medicalresource in at least one medical facility using a billing data set froma medical billing system, the billing data set corresponding to at leastone medical procedure being performed using the at least one medicalresource in the at least one medical facility during a first timeperiod, the data within the billing data set being indicative of autilization of the at least one medical resource during the first timeperiod, the method comprising: retrieving the billing data set from themedical billing system using a processing element; converting datawithin the billing data set into a utilization data set corresponding toa historical demand for the at least one medical resource in the atleast one medical facility during the first time period using aprocessing element; determining a forecast factor using data within theutilization data set, the forecast factor corresponding to an expecteddemand for the at least one medical resource in the at least one medicalfacility during a second time period, the second time period beingsubsequent to the first time period using a processing element; andgenerating a schedule for the at least one medical resource based on thedetermined forecast factor indicating at least a date and time duringthe second time period when the at least one medical resource isexpected to be utilized using a processing element.
 17. A methodaccording to claim 16, further comprising receiving a user inputcomprising a selection of the forecast factor.
 18. A method according toclaim 16, further comprising transferring the generated schedule to ascheduling calendar.
 19. A method according to claim 16, furthercomprising displaying the forecast factor to a user.
 20. A methodaccording to claim 19, wherein the displaying step further comprisesdisplaying the forecast factor to the user in at least one of: a chartof substantially concurrent medical procedures in the at least onemedical facility during the first time period; a chart of a quantity ofthe at least one medical procedure in the at least one medical facilityduring the first time period; and a Gantt chart of the at least onemedical procedure during the first time period.
 21. A method accordingto claim 16, wherein the data within the billing data set comprises atleast one of: an identification code for identifying a type of the atleast one medical procedure; a time of the at least one medicalprocedure; a duration of the at least one medical procedure; a locationof the at least one medical facility; a personnel identification codefor identifying a clinician performing the at least one medicalprocedure; and combinations thereof.
 22. A method according to claim 16,wherein the forecast factor comprises at least one of: a percentage oftime the at least one medical facility is in use during the first timeperiod; a number of clinicians required to staff the at least onemedical procedure; a qualification of a clinician required to staff theat least one medical procedure; a number of concurrent medicalprocedures occurring in the at least one medical facility during thefirst time period; and a percentage of time that a selected number ofconcurrent medical procedures are occurring in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period.
 23. A method according to claim16 wherein the first and second time periods are comparable time periodsof substantially equivalent duration comprising at least one of a day; aweek; a month; and a year.
 24. A method according to claim 16, furthercomprising interrogating a conversion module comprising data andcorresponding utilization information so as to convert the data withinthe billing data set into a utilization data set comprising theutilization information corresponding to a historical demand for the atleast one medical resource in the at least one medical facility duringthe first time period.
 25. A method according to claim 16, wherein theat least one medical resource is at least one of: a clinician; and amedical procedure room within the at least one medical facility.
 26. Amethod according to claim 16, wherein the at least one medical resourcecomprises a plurality of like medical resources each beinginterchangeable with one another such that a first of the pluralityfunctions similarly to a second of the plurality; wherein the forecastfactor corresponds to an expected demand for the plurality of likemedical resources, the forecast factor comprising a number of concurrentmedical procedures occurring in the at least one medical facility duringthe first time period; and wherein the forecast factor is configuredsuch that the plurality of like medical resources can be scheduled forefficient utilization of each of the plurality during the second timeperiod.
 27. A method according to claim 26, wherein said generating aschedule comprises generating the schedule for the at least one medicalresource such that the schedule corresponds to the determined forecastfactor during the second time period, the plurality of like medicalresources each being scheduled for efficient utilization of each of theplurality during the second time period.
 28. A method according to claim16, wherein generating the schedule comprises generating the schedulefor the at least one medical resource based on the determined forecastfactor indicating at least a date and time, the time comprising a timeinterval, during the second time period when the at least one medicalresource is expected to be utilized.
 29. A method according to claim 16,wherein generating the schedule comprises generating the schedule forthe at least one medical resource based on the determined forecastfactor indicating at least a date and time, the date comprising a daterange, during the second time period when the at least one medicalresource is expected to be utilized.
 30. A computer program product foroptimizing a schedule of at least one medical resource in at least onemedical facility by retrieving a billing data set from a medical billingsystem, the billing data set corresponding to at least one medicalprocedure being performed using the at least one medical resource in theat least one medical facility during a first time period, the datawithin the billing data set being indicative of a utilization of the atleast one medical resource during the first time period, the computerprogram product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium having computer-readable program code instructions stored thereincomprising: first computer instruction means for retrieving the billingdata set from the medical billing system; second computer instructionmeans for converting data within the billing data set into a utilizationdata set corresponding to a historical demand for the at least onemedical resource in the at least one medical facility during the firsttime period; third computer instruction means for determining a forecastfactor using data within the utilization data set, the forecast factorcorresponding to an expected demand for the at least one medicalresource in the at least one medical facility during a second timeperiod, the second time period being subsequent to the first timeperiod; and fourth computer instruction means for generating a schedulefor the at least one medical resource based on the determined forecastfactor indicating at least a date and time during the second time periodwhen the at least one medical resource is expected to be utilized usingprocessing element.
 31. A computer program product according to claim30, further comprising fifth computer instruction means for receiving auser input comprising a selection of the forecast factor.
 32. A computerprogram product according to claim 30, further comprising sixth computerinstruction means for transferring the generated schedule to ascheduling calendar.
 33. A computer program product according to claim30, further comprising seventh computer instruction means for displayingthe forecast factor to a user.
 34. A computer program product accordingto claim 33, wherein the seventh computer instruction means fordisplaying further comprises ninth computer instruction means fordisplaying the forecast factor to the user in at least one of: a chartof substantially concurrent medical procedures in the at least onemedical facility during the first time period; a chart of a quantity ofthe at least one medical procedure in the at least one medical facilityduring the first time period; and a Gantt chart of the at least onemedical procedure during the first time period.
 35. A computer programproduct according to claim 30, wherein the data within the billing dataset comprises at least one of: an identification code for identifying atype of the at least one medical procedure; a time of the at least onemedical procedure; a duration of the at least one medical procedure; alocation of the at least one medical facility; a personnelidentification code for identifying a clinician performing the at leastone medical procedure; and combinations thereof.
 36. A computer programproduct according to claim 30, wherein the forecast factor comprises atleast one of a percentage of time the at least one medical facility isin use during the first time period; a number of clinicians required tostaff the at least one medical procedure; a qualification of a clinicianrequired to staff the at least one medical procedure; a number ofconcurrent medical procedures occurring in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period; and a percentage of time that aselected number of concurrent medical procedures are occurring in the atleast one medical facility during the first time period.
 37. A computerprogram product according to claim 30 wherein the first and second timeperiods are comparable time periods of substantially equivalent durationcomprising at least one of a day; a week; a month; and a year.
 38. Acomputer program product according to claim 30, further comprisingeighth computer instruction means for interrogating a conversion modulecomprising data and corresponding utilization information so as toconvert the data within the billing data set into a utilization data setcomprising the utilization information corresponding to a historicaldemand for the at least one medical resource in the at least one medicalfacility during the first time period.
 39. A computer program productaccording to claim 30, wherein the at least one medical resource is atleast one of: a clinician; and a medical procedure room within the atleast one medical facility.
 40. A computer program product according toclaim 30, wherein the at least one medical resource comprises aplurality of like medical resources each being interchangeable with oneanother such that a first of the plurality functions similarly to asecond of the plurality; wherein the forecast factor corresponds to anexpected demand for the plurality of like medical resources, theforecast factor comprising a number of concurrent medical proceduresoccurring in the at least one medical facility during the first timeperiod; and wherein the forecast factor is configured such that theplurality of like medical resources can be scheduled for efficientutilization of each of the plurality during the second time period. 41.A computer program product according to claim 40, wherein said fourthcomputer instruction means for generating a schedule comprise computerinstruction means for generating the schedule of the at least onemedical resource such that the schedule corresponds to the determinedforecast factor during the second time period, the plurality of likemedical resources each being scheduled for efficient utilization of eachof the plurality during the second time period.
 42. A computer programproduct according to claim 30, wherein the fourth computer instructionmeans for generating a schedule comprise computer instruction means forgenerating the schedule for the at least one medical resource based onthe determined forecast factor indicating at least a date and time, thetime comprising a time interval, during the second time period when theat least one medical resource is expected to be utilized.
 43. A computerprogram product according to claim 30, wherein the fourth computerinstruction means for generating a schedule comprise computerinstruction means for generating the schedule for the at least onemedical resource based on the determined forecast factor indicating atleast a date and time, the date comprising a date range, during thesecond time period when the at least one medical resource is expected tobe utilized.